Efficient degradation of drug ibuprofen through catalytic activation of peroxymonosulfate by Fe3C embedded on carbon

Ibuprofen(IBU),a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug,is becoming an important member of pharmaceuticals and personal care products(PPCPs)as emerging pollutants.To degrade IBU,magnetic Fe_3C nanoparticles embedded on N-doped carbon(Fe_3C/NC)were prepared as a catalyst by a sol–gel combustion method.As characterized,the Fe_3C/NC nanoparticles were composed of a NC nano-sheet and capsulated Fe_3C particles on the sheet.The Fe_3C/NC nanoparticles were confirmed an efficient catalyst for peroxymonosulfate(PMS)activation to generate sulfate radicals(SO_4~(·-)),single oxygen(~1O_2)and hydroxyl radicals(·OH)toward the degradation of IBU.The added IBU(10 mg/L)was almost completely removed in 30 min by using 0.1 g/L Fe_3C/NC and 2 g/L PMS.The catalyst was confirmed to have good ability and excellent reusability through leaching measurements and cycle experiments.A catalytic mechanism was proposed for the catalytic activation of PMS on Fe_3C/NC,which involves both Fe_3C reactive sites and N-doped carbon matrix as reactive sites in Fe_3C/NC.Moreover,the degradation pathway of IBU in the Fe_3C/NC-PMS system was proposed according to the detections of degradation intermediates.     

镁硼硅晶膜改性技术对镍-磷复合镀层组织性能的影响

目的 通过研究镁硼硅晶膜改性技术对镍-磷复合镀层组织性能的影响,开发并提升工业应用价值较高的非晶态镍-磷镀层.方法 采用镁硼硅晶膜改性处理技术,在45#钢基材上制备Ni-P化学镀层,通过扫描电子显微镜等设备,检测处理后镀层的微观形貌、组织结构和耐磨耐蚀性能,结合镁硼硅水体活化表征,分析镁硼硅晶膜改性技术对镍-磷镀层的强化机理.结果 相比传统的Ni-P镀层,镁硼硅改性晶膜处理的Ni-P镀层表面平整,分布均匀,表面致密度明显提升,摩擦因数减小了约32％,腐蚀电位正移221 mV,腐蚀电流为原来的1/2,腐蚀质量损失速率明显较低,耐腐蚀性能更为优异.经过镁硼硅改性晶膜处理的水体分子团明显减小,活性提升,这说明经过处理后的水体易于溶解来自复合陶瓷中的硅石和硼素等物质,在Ni-P镀层形成致密的晶膜,提高镀层的综合防护性能.结论 经过镁硼硅晶膜改性处理后,Ni-P镀层表面致密度和耐磨耐蚀性能有了明显的提升,具有更为宽广的工业应用价值.     

Agricultural activities affecting the functions and values of Ramsar wetland sites of Greece

Agricultural activities in the agroecosystems neighbouring wetland ecosystems are considered a major threat to the latter in all Mediterranean countries. This threat was investigated in thirteen internationally important wetland sites (Ramsar sites) of Greece. The effects of ten activities commonly practised in the surrounding agroecosystems on four wetland functions and four wetland values were evaluated. The functions were: nutrient removal/transformation, sediment/toxicant retention, flood flow alteration, and ground water discharge. The values were: biodiversity, fishing, hunting, and recreation. It was found that the Adamus' Wetland Evaluation Technique is useful even in the little studied Ramsar sites of Greece. Irrigation is the most decisive activity negatively influencing all functions and values, followed by cropland expansion and overgrazing. Coastal lagoons are the least affected by agricultural activities. It is concluded that in Greece the sustainability of wetland ecosystems depends to a significant degree on the sustainability of agroecosystems. The reverse is also true because wetlands provide irrigation water, crop pollinators, some frost protection, and predators of crop pests. The two ecosystem types are functionally closely linked. Therefore, a national policy for the sustainable development of the soil, water, and genetic resources of Greece must integratively consider both these ecosystems types.     

Health Impact Evaluation of Boron in Drinking Water: A Geographical Risk Assessment in Northern France

Objective: To evaluate health impact of boron in drinking water. Methods: A regional scale geographical study in Northern France was conducted. Assessment of boron blood levels in a group of 180 healthy individuals and correlation with boron content in drinking water were followed by an assessment of health indicators such as birth rates, mortality rates, and sex ratios in zones of different boron content in drinking water. Results: After necessary adjustments, men living in municipalities with more than 0.30 mg/L of boron in drinking water had elevated but not significant boron blood levels compared with those living in municipalities with boron water levels of less than 0.30 mg/L (159.1 versus 123.0 ng/g; p > 0.05). The standardized birth ratio adjusted for the reference geographic zone and calendar time period was 1.07 and 1.28 in the low and high (>0.3 mg/L) boron content municipalities, respectively. The birth rate in municipalities with high boron content in drinking water was higher than that of the reference geographic zone and of the French general population (p < 10^-4). The standardized mortality ratio adjusted for the reference geographic zone and calendar time period was 0.94 and 0.92 in the low and high boron content municipalities, respectively. The mortality rate in municipalities with high boron content in drinking water was less than that of the reference geographic zone and of the French general population (p < 10^-3). No statistical difference was noted in the male–female sex ratios between the different municipality zones (p = 0.45). Conclusions: The results of this study do not support the idea of a deleterious effect of boron on human health, at the boron water level contents found in this specific region. In fact, there is a tendency toward a beneficial effect with low-dose environmental exposure (less than 1 mg/L of boron) in drinking water.     

红壤丘岗区潜育性稻田硫硅硼铜元素的有效性

研究结果表明,红壤丘岗区潜育性稻田中的冷浸田和烂泥田土壤有效硫含量相对较低,这两种类型潜育田存在潜在性缺硫问题,故应注意硫肥的施用。潜育性稻田土壤有效硅亦普遍低于非潜育性田,因而极有可能发生缺硅。与同母质类型的非潜育性稻田比较,红壤潜育性稻田土壤有效硼含量并无明显差异。但第四纪红土发育的潜育田土壤有效硼低于缺硼临界值。部分潜育田士壤有效铜含量亦低于渍水土壤缺铜临界值,这说明部分渍潜田存在缺铜现象。     

Metals, Boron, and Selenium in Neosho Madtom Habitats in the Neosho River in Kansas, U.S.A.

In 1991 and 1992 we determined the levels of metals, arsenic, boron, and selenium in the Neosho River drainage in southeastern Kansas, the primary habitat for the threatened Neosho madtom (Noturus placidus). We evaluated concentrations in sediments, mussels (Quadrula pustulosa and Q. metanevra), and fish(Percina phoxocephala, Cyprinus carpio,and Ictiobus bubalus) from three sites on theNeosho River and one site on the Cottonwood River. We also evaluated contaminant concentrations in C. carpio composite samples collected by theKansas Department of Health and Environment (KDHE)at two additional locations on the Neosho River in1990–92. Sediments were contaminated by lead. Concentrations of selenium, boron, and most metalsin mussels were low to normal for biota. Arseniclevels in mussels and fish suggest low-levelcontamination of biota. Aluminum, barium, manganeseand strontium concentrations were much higher inmussels than in fish. Five fish composite sampleshad cadmium concentrations that indicate chronicdeleterious effects on biota. Lead concentrationsin six fish samples were elevated. Mercuryconcentrations in most large fish compositesexceeded concentration for protection of animalsthat might consume them. We believe that reductionsin cadmium, lead, and mercury contamination, inparticular, would benefit aquatic life in theriver.     

粉煤灰和电石渣对聚丙烯塑举裂解的影响研究

研究了粉煤灰和电石渣对聚丙烯塑料裂解的影响，讨论了加入量对裂解速度和裂解产物的影响。结果表明：粉煤灰和电石渣都使裂解产物中的轻质部分（汽油和裂解气）增加、重油降低；粉煤灰比电石渣更能加快反应的进行，而且加入量越多，反应越快，需时越短；粉煤灰比电石渣对聚丙烯塑料的裂解具有明显的催化促进效果。     

高Ca~(2+)浓度CO_2沉淀法由电石渣制备纳米CaCO_3

以NH4Cl溶液为浸取剂、CO2为碳化剂、多聚磷酸钠(STP)为添加剂,由电石渣制备纳米Ca CO3。实验结果表明:电石渣浸取液Ca2+浓度为1.0 mol/L、STP加入量为3.00%时,可制备出粒径为30~60 nm的纳米Ca CO3;STP可有效控制纳米Ca CO3的粒度和形貌;在最佳工艺条件下,由电石渣制备纳米Ca CO3的产率为80%,处理1 t电石渣产生的经济效益约为2 670元。     

电石渣的资源化利用

电石渣是工业废渣,其大量排放和堆积影响环境,也限制了企业的发展。介绍电石渣在建筑材料、化工生产、三废处理等行业中的资源化现状,针对电石渣利用量的局限性,高掺量高附加值电石渣砖的制备为电石渣的大量资源化利用的可行性,奠定了一定的基础。     

硼掺杂介孔炭吸附四环素的效能与机制

以椰壳和硼酸为原料,通过简单的一步热解法制备出新型硼掺杂椰壳介孔炭材料（B-CSC）用于水中四环素类污染物的高效吸附去除.系统研究了关键制备条件热解温度和硼碳质量比对其吸附性能的影响,使用比表面积及孔径分析仪（BET）、场发射扫描电镜（SEM）、X射线光子能谱仪（XPS）、拉曼光谱仪（Raman）以及Zeta电位仪（Zeta）对其微观结构及物化性质进行了表征分析.系统考察了初始pH值、不同金属阳离子以及不同背景水质条件对其吸附效果的影响.结合材料表征与相关分析等对其强化吸附机制进行了深入讨论与分析.结果表明,一步热解能够将硼掺入椰壳炭的表面及晶格,导致其拥有更大的比表面积和孔体积,引入硼的形态主要是H₃BO₃、B₂O₃、B和B₄C.B-CSC对四环素的吸附量达到297.65 mg·g^-1,是原始椰壳介孔炭（CSC）的8.9倍.同时,B-CSC对于水环境中常见污染物罗丹明B（RhB）、双酚A（BPA）和亚甲基蓝（MB）的吸附量分别高达372.65、255.24和147.82 mg·g^-1.B-CSC对四环素的吸附过程是物理化学作用共同主导的,主要涉及液膜扩散、表面吸附、介孔与微孔内扩散和活性位点吸附,H₃BO₃是其主要吸附位点.吸附强化机制主要是硼掺杂降低了其碳网络的化学惰性,增强了其与四环素分子的π—π相互作用和氢键作用.